PRAZOMAR ORAL SUSPENSION:

Is a highly effective combination drench for your lambs’ first year of life.

It provides your lambs with effective control of all  susceptible roundworms as well as

controlling heads and segments of tapeworm, including Schistomiasis and liver fluke

COMPOSITION:

Each ml contains

 INDICATIONS:-

1.   STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MECHAISM OF ACTION

Praziqunatel is an isoquinolone analog that is marketed as a mixture of stereosiomers.

Praziqunatel increases cell membrane permeability insuspectible worms and flukes. This results in loss of intracellular calcium, and paralysis and contractions of the parasite musculature. Phagocytes rapidly attach to the affected parasites resulting in cell death.

 2.SPECTRUM AND USES

Praziqunatel is the drug of choice for most cestode and nematode infections

a.)   Cestodes

1.Beef and Pork tapeworm – Teania saganata and t.solium

2.Dog and Fish tapeworm – Diphyllobothrium caniumand d.latum

3.Dwarf tapeworm –            Hymenolepsis nana

            b.)  Trematodes (Flukes)

                   1.Schistomiasis due to Schistosoma mansoni

                   2.Intestinal flukes (Fasciolopsiasis)

                   3.Liver fluke (Opsithorchiasis)

                    4.Chinese liver fluke (clonochiasis)

                    5.Sheep liver fluke (Fascioliasis)

                    6.Lung fluke (Paragonimiasis)

  FENBENDAZOLE Indications –

Fenbendazole is indicated (labeled) for the removal of the following parasites in sheep and goat. ascarids (Toxocara canis, T. leonina), Hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala), whipworms (Trichuris vulpis), and tapeworms (Taenia pisiformis).

 It is not effective against Dipylidium caninum. Fenbendazole has also been used clinically to treat Capillaria aerophilia:, Filaroides hirthi and Paragonimus kellicoti infections in dogs.

 Fenbendazole is indicated (labeled) for the removal of the following parasites in cattle.adult forms of: Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus axei, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Nematodirus helvetianus, Cooperia spp., Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Oesophagostomum radiatum and Dictyocaulus vivaparus.

 It is also effective against most immature stages of the above listed parasites. Although not approved, it also has good activity against Moniezia spp., and arrested 4th stage forms of Ostertagia ostertagi.

 Pharmacology

 Praziquantel is rapidly and nearly completely absorbed after oral administration, but there is a significant first-pass effect after oral administration. Peak serum levels are achieved after 30-120 minutes in dogs.

 Praziquantel is distributed throughout the body and crosses the blood-brain barrier into the CNS

and across the intestinal wall.

 Praziquantel is metabolized by the liver to metabolites of unknown activity. It is excreted primarily

in the urine and the elimination half-life is approximately 3 hours in the dog.

 FENBENDAZOLE

 Benzimidazoles are compatible with most drugs when administered simultaneously. They are active against both larval and adult forms of roundworms, while some are ovicidal. Some such as albendazole and triclabendazole are effective against liver flukes. Most are active against tapeworms at repeated dose.

In swine and carnivores, curative treatment needs repeated dose. But in ruminants and Horse due to the reservoir effect of rumen and large intestine, single doses are sufficient. The group is also used as prophylactic therapy.

 Benzimidazoles are generally indicated against parasitic roundworms. Some of the groups, the more recent analogue, such as albendazole is also effective against adult liver flukes and tape worms while triclabendazole is effective to both immature and adult liver flukes but not roundworms and tapeworms. Benzimidazoles are poorly soluble in water and administered orally in the form of suspension, pellet, bolus, granule, powder or paste. At therapeutic dose, the group is safe even in sick, debilitated or young animals.  At higher dose, they are teratogenic and embryotoxic when administered at early gestation period. Milk should not be consumed during treatment and meat during the first few days. They should not be given to animals during their early gestation period. Benzimidazoles are a group of broad-spectrum anthelmintic drugs with high degree of efficacy and good margin of safety, and similar mode of action. They disrupt energy metabolism of the parasites by binding to tubulin, a protein required for the up take of nutrient in the parasites.